1. Alterando o SUDO_EDITOR

// Colocar isso no .bashrc
export SUDO_EDITOR=/usr/bin/nvim
 
// rodar com isso agora.
sudoedit /etc/fstab

2. Usando a flag -E

 -E, --preserve-env
               Indicates  to the security policy that the user wishes to
               preserve their existing environment variables.  The secu‐
               rity policy may return an error if the user does not have
               permission to preserve the environment.
sudo -E nvim